• hydroxydopamine OHDA is a selective catecholaminergic neurot

  2024-12-25

  

  6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is a selective catecholaminergic neurotoxin mainly used to generate lesions in the nigrostriatal pathway in rats (Ungerstedt, 1968). The most common use of 6-OHDA is via unilateral injection into the rat medial forebrain bundle (MFB). DA depletion, nigral DA cell loss, and

• HT receptors are distributed throughout the

  2024-12-25

  

  5-HT3 receptors are distributed throughout the brain, within the brainstem (e.g., nucleus tractus solitarius, area postrema and spinal trigeminal nucleus) and Laminin 925-933 (e.g., hippocampus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, putamen and caudate) (Abi-Dargham et al., 1993, Barnes et al., 1989, Bufton

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion

  2024-12-25

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Prostate cancer represents an ideal candidate for chemoprevention because of its high incidence and long latency to clinically significant disease [17]. The precancerous lesion PIN may also be a suitable target for ablation in chemoprevention strateg

• br The Molecular Machinery of Autophagy

  2024-12-25

  

  The Molecular Machinery of Autophagy and Regulation by Sphingolipids Sphingolipid-Mediated Autophagy in Cancer: Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved stress response that typically promotes survival and antagonizes apoptosis. However, excessive autophagy was found to

• The GRAVY value for a protein is calculated

  2024-12-25

  

  The GRAVY value for a protein is calculated as the sum of hydropathy values of all the amino acids, divided by the number of residues in the sequence (Kyte and Doolittle, 1982). According to Kyte and Doolittle (1982) integral membrane proteins typically have higher GRAVY scores than do globular prot

• 6780 The amino hydroxy methyl isoxazolepropionic acid AMPA r

  2024-12-24

  

  The α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic 6780 (AMPA) receptor is also enriched in postsynaptic striatal neurons (Bernard et al., 1997, Kondo et al., 2000, Reimers et al., 2011). Its activity is subjected to the regulation by a mechanism involving phosphorylation (Lu and Roche, 2012). For

• Although several different membrane estrogen receptors have

  2024-12-24

  

  Although several different membrane estrogen receptors have been reported (Qiu et al., 2008; Revankar et al., 2005), a large percentage of membrane-initiated steroid hormone signaling appears to be performed by a subpopulation of the same receptors that act in the nucleus. Specifically, estrogen rec

• br Experimental section br Acknowledgements br Introduction

  2024-12-24

  

  Experimental section Acknowledgements Introduction DJ-1 is a highly conserved, homodimeric protein that was originally cloned as an oncogene capable of transforming DL-aspartic acid derivative in cooperation with activated ras[1]. DJ-1 is over-expressed in multiple tumor types and is posit

• Despite these conflicting data about COX ER correlations a l

  2024-12-24

  

  Despite these conflicting data about COX-2/ER correlations, a large body of evidence supports that elevated COX-2 expression in breast cancer is a constant feature of high stage disease and a predictor of worse outcome. Upregulation of COX-2 protein has been identified in approximately 40% of cases

• The functional similarity between GPR and APLNR ie both can

  2024-12-24

  

  The functional similarity between GPR25 and APLNR, ie both can be activated by Apelin and Apela and are coupled to Gi-cAMP signaling pathway (Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4), strongly suggests that GPR25 signaling may play important physiological and pathological roles in vertebrates more or less similar to

• The Irbesartan Diabetic Nephropathy Trial enrolled patients

  2024-12-24

  

  The Irbesartan Diabetic Nephropathy Trial enrolled patients with type 2 diabetes, proteinuria of at least 0.9 g/24 h, BP >135/85 mmHg and moderate kidney impairment (creatinine 88 to 265 µmol/L in women or 106 to 265 µmol/L in men). Patients were randomized to receive irbesartan (titrated from 75 to

• Platelet derived growth factor PDGF

  2024-12-24

  

  Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) are expressed by glial G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and are important to neuron survival and the maintenance of oligodendrocytes. These neurotrophic factors contribute to the remyelination process by increasing the prolife

• Aerobic exercise plays an important role in the regulation

  2024-12-24

  

  Aerobic exercise plays an important role in the regulation of mRNA transcription kit metabolism in the skeletal muscle. It is also associated with increases in AMPK and GLUT4 levels, resulting in the improvement of the glucose uptake signaling pathway [17,18]. Recently, it has been shown that exerc

• Sixth significant progress has been made during the

  2024-12-24

  

  Sixth, significant progress has been made during the last few years regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the activation of AMPK and this should aid to develop more potent and specific compounds. Information from crystallographic structures combined with computer-based drug design hold promi

• Several enzymes in serine and glycine metabolism have

  2024-12-24

  

  Several enzymes in serine and glycine metabolism have been proposed as biomarkers for cancer stage and prognosis. Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), phosphoserine phosphatase (PSPH), and serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) levels are high in TNBC and low in luminal-A breast cancers (Kim et a

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