• In the liver ghrelin has opposite effects to

  2022-01-29

  

  In the liver, ghrelin has opposite effects to insulin on the expression of the enzyme PEPCK, thereby promoting gluconeogenesis and also causing a decrease in glucose uptake and fatty HyperScribe Poly (A) Tailing Kit oxidation (Rigault et al., 2007). Ghrelin also stimulates hepatic lipogenesis de nov

• As many of the above

  2022-01-29

  

  As many of the above studies highlight, several decades of research on Cx43 has revealed that many of these functional roles are attributed to the C-terminal domain (CT) of this protein which cannot be explained by the formation and existence of intercellular channels. Recent findings on the existen

• br Materials and methods br Transparency document br Acknowl

  2022-01-29

  

  Materials and methods Transparency document Acknowledgments Introduction Hearing loss is the most common congenital sensory deficit. About 1–3 in 1000 children are affected at birth or during early childhood by severe hearing loss, which is defined as prelingual deafness, with at least h

• Prion diseases are transmissible and

  2022-01-28

  

  Prion diseases are transmissible and result in fatal neurodegenerative disorders, which, similar to AD, also involve the infiltration and activation of mononuclear phagocytes in neomycin sulfate lesions (reviewed in [61]). A 21 amino-acid fragment of the aberrant human prion protein, Prp106–126, ca

• uPAR promotes cell associated proteolysis

  2022-01-28

  

  uPAR promotes cell-associated proteolysis by binding to uPA which locally converts plasminogen into active plasmin [10]. Ligand-engaged uPAR also acts as a potent regulator of cell migration and matrix attachment. Being a membrane receptor, uPAR needs to interact with extracellular matrix (ECM) prot

• Both anxiety like behavior and sucrose preference intake wer

  2022-01-28

  

  Both anxiety-like behavior and sucrose preference/intake were reduced in GPR40/FFAR1 KO male mice, while social behavior was normal in KO mice. These findings indicate that brain GPR40/FFAR1 is involved in the modulation of anxiety- and depression-like behavior in rodents. Previous studies have demo

• A large body of evidence supports a contribution

  2022-01-28

  

  A large body of evidence supports a contribution of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system in the regulation of stress and emotional behavior (Gorzalka and Hill, 2011, Hill and Patel, 2013, Morena et al., 2016). General findings from this work indicate that eCB anandamide signaling is critical for bufferi

• To enhance the impact of GD as

  2022-01-28

  

  To enhance the impact of GD2 as an immune target in this cancer, we investigated a novel strategy to upregulate expression on the cell surface of EwS cells by an epigenetic agent, based on the following rationale. Biosynthesis of GD2 and other gangliosides during organ development is driven by stage

• The dramatically reduced expression of CFTR in human colorec

  2022-01-28

  

  The dramatically reduced expression of CFTR in human colorectal cancer tissues identified herein is consistent with our previous findings using human breast cancer tissues, prostate cancer tissues, and colon cancer tissues, and suggests that the loss of CFTR is likely a general phenomenon in epithel

• Introduction Hedgehog HH signaling regulates development cel

  2022-01-28

  

  Introduction Hedgehog (HH) signaling regulates development, cell proliferation, and tissue repair [1], [2], [3]. In mammals, HH signaling is activated by 3 ligands: Sonic hedgehog (SHH), Indian hedgehog (IHH), or Desert hedgehog; SHH is the most widely expressed in adult tissues [3]. The primary re

• GSK is inhibited by serine phosphorylation at a residue its

  2022-01-28

  

  GSK-3 is inhibited by serine PHA-665752 receptor at a residue its N-terminus (Ser 9 in GSK-3β and Ser 21 in GSK-3α) [52], [53], [54]. This raised the possibility that the N-terminal tail may function as a pseudo-substrate by mimicking the pre-phosphorylated substrate. The interaction mode of the pse

• Lactate as administered in these models is

  2022-01-28

  

  Lactate as administered in these models is metabolized rapidly and it appears that transient engagement of GPR81 with lactate serum concentrations in the range of moderate exercise physiology, as measured here at 3–4 mmol/L, are sufficient to suppress tissue macrophage NF-κB activation in our models

• Our synthetic approach to GPR antagonists was designed so

  2022-01-28

  

  Our synthetic approach to GPR55 antagonists was designed so that many different structures could be accessed to rapidly explore initial SAR, along with validating or modifying our current model (). The synthesis begins with the coupling of a carboxylic Melatonin to 4-piperidone by first forming the

• br Results br Discussion Cell contact mediated spread of

  2022-01-28

  

  Results Discussion Cell-contact-mediated spread of HIV-1 has been estimated to be at least an order of magnitude more efficient compared to passive dissemination of particles through the extracellular milieu. Thus, this form of viral transmission can have significant effects on the pathogenesi

• br Advanced Glycation Endproducts As

  2022-01-28

  

  Advanced Glycation Endproducts As glucose levels rise within sensory neurons as a result of hyperglycemia, normal metabolic pathways become overwhelmed and excess glucose is shunted into other ancillary pathways that, under these conditions, become damaging. One consequence of hyperglycemia is th

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